(12) In a few NENA languages the fresh new preterite out-of Classification II verbs have a great vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- without any predecessor in the earlier languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) advised the progressive function was related to this new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Models with o or u are missing external NENA and also in lot of of your own NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and you may Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The entire establish is marked of the a good prefix in all NENA but Hertevin and in Mandaic plus Turoyo. Brand new prefix takes among about three versions: (a) k- on the most of the verbs (complex to help you c- from inside the Urmi, expanded to help you ko- ahead of consonants in the Turoyo, plus in Zakho to-be g- prior to a spoken phoneme); (b) k- however, simply toward a small group of verbs (with voicing intake and sometimes almost every other change also); or (c) i- into the every verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, individual correspondence); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we perform say’, but doqIx-wa-le ‘we manage observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he eats, usually eat’, but sate ‘he drinks, tend to, can get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The new k- prefix seems to be a survival of your own prefix qa- from BT, like in the newest ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In a number of east languages the distribution out of k- was limited by a little family of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, this has gone away and you may already been changed because of the a different sort of prefix i-, and therefore most likely began due to the fact less type of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes to brand new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went to promote money to help you a girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) This new verb ‘give’ are yehav in BT, and you may yav during the Syriac. It’s been remade in every NENA languages through the incorporation of your after the l- ‘to’. The imperative, that has been hav in Syriac and you can BT, is hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in most NENA in which We have pointers, however during the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) In every NENA, the new singular essential away from qyama ‘get up’ has lost its latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The fresh plural, but not, keeps brand new m.
(16) In all NENA, the brand new imperative from (i)zala ‘go’ was unpredictable: Aradhin si (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani quand (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Across the NENA, several different terms are used once the legs to own reflexive pronouns eg ‘myself’. He is: ruh- during the Hertevin plus in Turoyo, nos- regarding the about three easternmost Jewish languages, and gyan- about kept languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
Which qa- try in itself a great contraction of qa?
(18) A new preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ which will take the design ta, tla, or tla is actually common, in the event perhaps not datingranking.net/cs/russiancupid-recenze/ universal, inside the NENA, although not found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) found cook’ (Rubba, private communications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga facts ‘no one started the door so you can him’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182).