Although Cook’s (28) logic may, superficially, seem reasonable and simple, it is affected with a few severe fundamental flaws. First, 204 Pb is certainly not missing within the Katanga samples; it just had not been calculated! In the report, Nier (100) states:
Really, in 20 for the 21 examples investigated the actual quantity of typical lead is really small that certain do not need to simply just simply take account associated with the variants with its structure. In many different examples in which the abundance of 204 Pb ended up being really low no attempt ended up being designed to assess the level of it while the determination is of no particular value. (100, p. 156)
Evidently, neither Cook (28), Morris (92), nor Slusher (117) bothered to see Nier’s (100) complete report and mistakenly interpreted the dash for 204 Pb in Faul’s (46) tabulation as “zero, ” whenever, in reality, this means “not calculated. ”
2nd, the cross that is neutron-capture for 206 Pb and 207 Pb aren’t equal, as Cook (28) assumes,
But vary by one factor of 24 (0.03 barns for 206 Pb, 0.72 barns for 207 Pb ‡ ). This discrepancy includes a significant influence on the outcome of Cook’s (28) calculation. Table 5 compares the outcome for the three ways of age calculation — the proper technique, Cook ’s (28) technique, and Cook’s technique aided by the proper nuclear cross sections — utilizing the presently accepted most useful values for the uranium decay price and abundance constants. The most suitable radiometric age is, needless to say, the medical value of 622 million years. Whenever Cook’s (28) calculation is performed with appropriate allowance for the unequal neutron-capture cross sections of 206 Pb and 207 Pb, the resulting determined age is obviously avove the age of the systematic value, therefore just because such neutron reactions had taken place, the result is the contrary of that reported by Cook (28). Note additionally that even Cook’s (28) wrong calculation leads to a chronilogical age of 70 million years, not “practically zero” as asserted by Slusher (117).
| Method | 206 Pb/ 207 Pb | Age (million years) |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific | 16.53 | 622 |
| Cook (28) | 21.1 | 70 |
| Cook’s (28) calculationdone correctly † | 16.38
The problem that is third Cook’s idea is the fact that you will find much too few free neutrons obtainable in nature, even yet in uranium ores, resulting in significant results. This particular fact is easily recognized by Cook: Regardless of proof that the neutron flux is a millionth because big as it must be to account fully for appreciable (n, ) impacts, there are many well documented examples that appear to show the fact with this scheme. (28, p. 54) The examples are, needless to say, those from Katanga and Martin Lake. Therefore Cook’s (28) idea and calculations, enthusiastically endorsed by Morris (92) and Slusher (117), depend on information which do not exist and generally are, in addition, fatally flawed by demonstrably false presumptions. 1 an separated system is certainly one in which neither matter nor power enters or leaves. A system that is closed one in which only matter neither enters nor leaves. A method that isn’t closed is definitely a available system. A “system” could be of every size, including very little (like a mineral grain) or large (just like the whole world). For radiometric dating the machine, frequently a stone or some mineral that is specific, require just be closed to your parent and child isotopes. 2 about one % of this Earth’s environment is argon, of which 99.6 % is 40 Ar. 3 These paths are going to be at an angle of 45° in the event that scales from the abscissa and ordinate will be the exact same.4 The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar strategy can be a variation that is analytical of relationship. The credibility of many years acquired by this method could be confirmed through the information alone in a way analogous into the isochron that is rb-Sr talked about above. To learn more about 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating, see Dalrymple (32). 5 enhanced constants had been adopted global in 1976 (124). 6 Pleochroic halos are bands of discolored areas around radioactive inclusions chatroulette type sites in certain minerals. The discoloration is brought on by radiation injury to the crystals by subatomic particles. The radii of those bands are proportional into the energies for the particles. 7 A nuclear effect cross section, indicated in units of area (barns), is merely a dimension of this probability that the particle under consideration will penetrate the nucleus of this target isotope and result in the response under consideration. 8 The values and equation actually offer outcome of 21.3. Cook published a total results of 21.1. I’ve used Cook’s outcome for persistence.‡ Note by Jon Fleming, 2005: Dalrymple will not supply a guide for their cross section values. They’re not notably not the same as contemporary values, like the 26.6±1.2 mb for 206 Pb and 610±30 mb for 207 Pb reported in J. C. Blackmon, S. Raman, J. K. Dickens, R. M. Lindstrom, R. L. Paul, J. E. Lynn, “Thermal-neutron capture by 208 Pb”, bodily Review C v65 # 4 045801 (2002). Abstract (such as the numbers that are quoted at http: //link. Aps.org/abstract/PRC/v65/e045801, accessed December 6, 2005. † Note by Jon Fleming, 2005: Dalrymple will not provide the facts of their derivation. See “Addendum: Derivation regarding the Neutron response Correction Equation” for the derivation associated with equation to which Dalrymple refers.
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