Panel A claims a finite-cubic-spline area of organization anywhere between estimated 24-hours urinary potassium excretion additionally the mixture out of dying out-of any end up in and you will big aerobic situations. The new spline curve try truncated from the cuatro.00 g each day (skills price certainly one of users that have potassium excretion >cuatro.00 grams daily, thirteen situations when you look at the 397 participants). Studies into the potassium excretion were missing to own 58 professionals (0.1%). Therefore, the latest try as part of the data towards substance outcome of passing and you will significant cardiovascular events are 101,887 members that have 3314 situations. Panel B shows a finite-cubic-spline patch of your organization anywhere between estimated potassium excretion and you will passing off people cause. The function price one of users which have potassium excretion of more than 4.00 grams a-day try 4 events inside 397 people. Committee C reveals a finite-cubic-spline spot of the organization ranging from estimated potassium excretion and you can big cardiovascular situations (recognized as death away from cardiovascular reasons, myocardial infarction, heart attack, otherwise center failure). Case rates among participants having potassium excretion of greater than 4.00 g every day are eleven occurrences during the 397 users. non-Asian), alcohol intake, body-mass index, and status regarding diabetes mellitus, reputation for cardio occurrences, and you will newest smoking. Dashed contours imply 95% depend on times. The fresh new median level of potassium removal (2.07 g everyday) are the latest source practical, indicated because of the red range.
The plots was basically adjusted to own decades, gender, geographic part, educational level, origins (Western compared to
As compared with a projected potassium removal out of less than 1.fifty g daily, a top estimated excretion from potassium try from the a reduction in the dangers of dying and you may cardiovascular occurrences on the multivariable analysis ( Shape dos and Table step 3 ); this relationship was largely regarding a reduction in the chance from dying (Dining table S3 from the Second Appendix). There was zero proof of a relationship between projected potassium and you can salt excretion according to primary substance consequences (P=0.55) (Table S4 about Secondary Appendix).
Subgroup and you can Susceptibility Analyses
Blood circulation pressure at the baseline (recognized as an earlier prognosis out-of blood pressure otherwise hypertension > mm Hg) altered the new relationship between a top projected salt removal as well as the compound benefit (P=0.02 getting correspondence) (Dining table S4 throughout the Additional Appendix). Inside the after that research, there is certainly rather increased risk noticed certainly professionals with baseline blood pressure and you will an estimated salt removal regarding 6.00 so you can 6.99 g each day (chances proportion, step 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00 to just one.30) or eight.00 g per day or maybe more (odds ratio, step 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05 to at least one.40), while you will find no tall organization one particular versus blood circulation pressure. There are not one tall subgroup interactions (Tables S4 and S5 regarding Second Appendix).
The exclusion of participants with cardiovascular disease (at baseline) or cancer (at baseline or follow-up) or those who had events in the first year of follow-up did not materially affect the findings from the sodium and potassium analyses. When participants with events in the first 2 years were excluded, the associations of a lower (<3.00 g per day) and higher (6.00 to 6.99 g per day) estimated sodium excretion with the primary outcome were significant ( Table 2 and Table 3 ). In a propensity-score–matched analysis that included 21,220 participants, a low estimated sodium excretion (<3.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level (3.00 to 5.99 g per day), was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.46). In a similar analysis that included 40,618 participants, a high estimated sodium excretion (?6.00 g per day), as compared with a moderate level, was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.34) (Table S6 in the Supplementary Appendix). The results of analyses adjusted for regression dilution bias are presented in Fig. S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Appendix. The results of the array-approach sensitivity analysis are provided in Table S7 in the Supplementary Appendix.