Instead of going into bankruptcy, everyone, including the States, was provided with the opportunity to use the new Federal Reserve Notes, called (incorrectly) “lawful money” grounded in perpetual debt of the “eligible paper” which formed the assets of the Federal Reserve and the National Banks, These are also mate1 log in known as “units of monetized debt”. reduced or come reduced for anything since that infamous day of June 5, 1933 when Roosevelt willfully and knowingly stole Our gold and gave it to a bunch of foreign bankers. (Lawfully, debts can only be paid with money – money as defined by the Law of the Land – The Constitution – being gold and silver coin. Anything else is not lawful money and cannot therefore lawfully “pay a debt”.) Thus, overnight, We The People became liable for specific performance on the basis of a debt action of assumpsit under the personal Law Merchant, operating outside of the Constitution and imposing an Equitable jurisdiction. A jurisdiction in which no one has any rights, where one can be compelled summarily to deliver his property without trial by Common Law jury. And the debts to the private bankers keep mounting ever higher.
Admiralty and you can maritime legislation comprises two types of cases: (1) those individuals associated with acts the full time on high seas or any other navigable seas, and you may (2) those
A good freeborn, Sovereign Western individual cannot be pressed toward perpetual debtorship and you will involuntary servitude, that is, feudalistic overall performance with respect to, and for the benefit of, anyone, genuine or juristic, against his Thirteenth Blog post regarding Amendments into the Composition of your own Us. Nor is The guy be obligated, for legal reasons, to accept, or to bring informed agree to accept, a fair legislation foreign to their Statement out of Rights.
Within beginning from bodies under the Constitution , Congress conferred into the federal region courts exclusive cognizance “of the many municipal causes of admiralty and you can coastal legislation, . . . . . . ; saving to help you suitors, in every instances, the proper of a familiar Law answer, where Common law was competent to give it;. . .” (step one STAT 77, Point nine (1789))
This means, next type of circumstances have to have an immediate connection with maritime business
Because this legislation is held getting personal, the efficacy of statutes on a single topic must fundamentally become about federal legislature rather than throughout the county legislatures.
Congress enacted the Limited Liability Act on March 3, 1851. It is codified at Title 46, United States Code, Sections 181-189, as amended in 1875, 1877, 1935, 1936 and the Act of 1884. It intended to cover the entire subject of limitations, and to invest the U. S. District Courts with exclusive original cognizance of all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, exclusive of the States. This means that the States do not have any jurisdiction in admiralty and maritime matters, whatsoever.
Suits in admiralty traditionally took the form of a proceeding inside rem against the vessel, and, with exceptions to be noted, such proceedings inside the rem are confined exclusively to federal admiralty courts, because the grant of exclusive jurisdiction to the federal courts by the Judiciary Act of 1789 has been interpreted as referring to the traditional admiralty action, the within the rem action, which was not familiar on the Common law.
State courts are forbidden by the Constitution to have Admiralty jurisdiction. While State courts are permitted to manage and check out Admiralty cases if the suitor desires, it must be a keen Admiralty count in the first place and it must involve property, otherwise there would not be a Common Law remedy. In other words, the Common Law courts would not be competent to handle it. More than this, it would need to be tried in a Common Law court, following Common Law procedures (not Equity procedures) with a Trial by a Common Law jury.